Evidence List Template
Serial Description
G1 The Aryan Invasion Myth: How 21st Century Science Debunks 19th Century Indology, Abhijit Chavda
G2 1000 Genomes Project Consortium. 2015. A global reference for human genetic variation. Nature 526:68-74.
G3 Atkinson, E. G., A. X. Maihofer, et al, T2021, Tractor uses local ancestry to enable inclusion of admixed individuals in GWAS and to boost power. Nature Genetics 53(2):195-204.
G4 AAA (American Anthropological Association). 1997. American Anthropological Association response to OMB Directive 15: Race and ethnic standards for federal statistics and administrative reporting.
G5 AAA. 1998. AAA statement on race.(accessed December 6, 2022).
G6 AAPA (American Association of Physical Anthropology). 1996. AAPA statement on biological aspects of race. American Association of Physical Anthropology 101:569-570.
G7 AMA (American Medical Association). 2020a. Elimination of race as a proxy for ancestry, genetics, and biology in medical education, research and clinical practice. Chicago, IL: American Medical Association.
G8 AMA. 2020b. New AMA policies recognize race as a social, not biological, construct. Chicago, IL: American Medical Association.
G9 APA (American Psychological Association). 2003. Guidelines on multicultural education, training, research, practice, and organizational change for psychologists. American Psychology 58(5):377-402
G10 APA. 2017. Multicultural guidelines: An ecological approach to context, identity, and intersectionality, 2017.(accessed December 6, 2022).
G11 APA, APA Task Force on Race and Ethnicity Guidelines in Psychology. 2019. APA guidelines on race and ethnicity in psychology: Promoting responsiveness and equity.(accessed December 6, 2022).
G12 APA. 2022. EDI efforts: Journal equity, diversity, and inclusion statement.(accessed December 6, 2022).
G13 Bailey, Z. D., J. M. Feldman, and M. T. Bassett. 2020. How structural racism works—racist policies as a root cause of U.S. racial health inequities. New England Journal of Medicine 384(8):768-77
G14 Batai, K., S. Hooker, and R. A. Kittles. 2021. Leveraging genetic ancestry to study health disparities. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 175(2):363-375.
G15 Benmarhnia, T., A. Hajat, and J. S. Kaufman. 2021. Inferential challenges when assessing racial/ethnic health disparities in environmental research. Environmental Health 20(1):7.
G16 Bergström, A., S. A. McCarthy, R, et al, 2020, Insights into human genetic variation and population history from 929 diverse genomes. Science 367(6484):5012.
G17 Borrell, L. N., J. R. Elhawary, E. Fuentes-Afflick, J. Witonsky, et al, 2021. Race and genetic ancestry in medicine—A time for reckoning with racism. New England Journal of Medicine 384(5):474-480.
G18 Cann, H. M., C. de Toma, L. Cazes, M.-F., et al , 2002, A human genome diversity cell line panel. Science 296(5566):261-262.
G19 Chakraborty, R., S. A. Read, and S. J. Vincent. 2020. Understanding myopia: Pathogenesis and mechanisms. In Updates on myopia: A clinical perspective, edited by M. Ang and T. Y. Wong. Singapore: Springer Singapore. Pp. 65-94.
G20 Charles, B. A., D. Shriner, and C. N. Rotimi. 2014. Accounting for linkage disequilibrium in association analysis of diverse populations. Genetic Epidemiology 38(3):265-273.
G21 Choi, S. W., T. S.-H. Mak, and P. F. O’Reilly. 2020. Tutorial: A guide to performing polygenic risk score analyses. Nature Protocols 15(9):2759-2772.
G22 Churchwell, K., M. S. V. Elkind, R. M. Benjamin, A. P. Carson, et al, 2020. Call to action: Structural racism as a fundamental driver of health disparities: A presidential advisory from the American Heart Association. Circulation 142(24):e454-e468
G23 Claw, K. G., M. Z. Anderson, R. L. Begay, K. S. Tsosie, K. et al, 2018, A framework for enhancing ethical genomic research with indigenous communities. Nature Communications 9(1):2957
G24 Coop, G. 2023. Genetic similarity versus genetic ancestry groups as sample descriptors in human genetics. arXiv (preprint).
G25 CTSA (Clinical Translational Science Awards) Consortium, and Community Engagement Key Function Committee Task Force on the Principles of Community Engagement. 2011. Principles of community engagement (2nd edition). Department of Health and Human Services.
G26 Daly, B., and O. I. Olopade. 2015. A perfect storm: How tumor biology, genomics, and health care delivery patterns collide to create a racial survival disparity in breast cancer and proposed interventions for change. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians 65(3):221-238.
G27 Danino,Michel, Genetics and the Aryan Debate, Published in Puratattva, Bulletin of the Indian Archaeological Society,New Delhi, No. 36, 2005-06, pp. 146-154.
G28 Delorey, T. M., C. G. K. Ziegler, G. Heimberg, R. Normand, Y. Yang,et al, 2021, COVID-19 tissue atlases reveal SARS-CoV-2 pathology and cellular targets. Nature 595(7865):107-113.
G29 Doiron, D., P. Burton, Y. Marcon, A. Gaye, B, et al, 2013,Data harmonization and federated analysis of population-based studies: The BioSHaRE project. Emerging Themes in Epidemiology 10(1):12.
G30 Dolitsky, S., A. Mitra, S. Khan, E. Ashkinadze, and M. V. Sauer. 2020. Beyond the “Jewish panel”: The importance of offering expanded carrier screening to the Ashkenazi Jewish population. F&S Reports 1(3):294-298
G31 Eisenmann, S., E. Bánffy, P. van Dommelen, K. P. Hofmann, J. et al, 2018,Reconciling material cultures in archaeology with genetic data: The nomenclature of clusters emerging from archaeogenomic analysis. Scientific Reports 8:13003
G32 Falconer, D. S., and T. F. C. Mackay. 1996. Introduction to quantitative genetics. 4th ed. Essex, England: Addison Wesley Longman Limited.
G33 Flanagin, A., T. Frey, and S. L. Christiansen. 2021. Updated guidance on the reporting of race and ethnicity in medical and science journals. JAMA 326(7):621.
G34 Fuentes, A., R. R. Ackermann, S. Athreya, et al, AAPA statement on race and racism. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 169(3):400-402.
G35 GeM-HD Consortium (Genetic Modifiers of Huntington’s Disease Consortium). 2015. Identification of genetic factors that modify clinical onset of Huntington’s disease. Cell 162(3):516-526.
G36 Giannakopoulou, O., K. Lin, X. Meng, M.-H. Su, P.-H. Kuo, R. E. Peterson et al, 2021, The genetic architecture of depression in individuals of east Asian ancestry. JAMA Psychiatry 78(11):1258-1269.
G37 Gould, Stephen J, Why We Should Not Name Human Races, A Biological View, 1997, Ever Since Darwin
G38 Gutenkunst, R. N., R. D. Hernandez, S. H. Williamson, and C. D. Bustamante. 2009. Inferring the joint demographic history of multiple populations from multidimensional SNP frequency data. PLoS Genetics 5(10):e1000695.
G39 Hardeman, R. R., P. A. Homan, T. Chantarat, B. A. Davis, and T. H. Brown. 2022. Improving the measurement of structural racism to achieve anti racist health policy: Study examines measurement of structural racism to achieve anti racist health policy. Health Affairs 41(2):179-186.
G40 Hirschhorn, J. N., and M. J. Daly. 2005. Genome-wide association studies for common diseases and complex traits. Nature Reviews Genetics 6(2):95-108.
G41 Hunt, L. M., and M. S. Megyesi. 2008. The ambiguous meanings of the racial/ethnic categories routinely used in human genetics research. Social Science and Medicine 66(2):349-361.
G42 IOM (Institute of Medicine). 2009. Race, ethnicity, and language data: Standardization for health care quality improvement. Edited by C. Ulmer, B. McFadden, and D. R. Nerenz. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
G43 Jimenez-Sanchez, M., F. Licitra, B. R. Underwood, and D. C. Rubinsztein. 2017. Huntington’s disease: Mechanisms of pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine 7(7).
G44 Kahn, J. et al. How Not To Talk About Race And Genetics. BuzzFeedNews.Com (30-03-2018).
G45 Kaplan, J. B., and T. Bennett. 2003. Use of race and ethnicity in biomedical publication. JAMA 289(20):2709-2716.
G46 Khan, A. T., S. M. Gogarten, C. P. McHugh,et al, 2022,Recommendations on the use and reporting of race, ethnicity, and ancestry in genetic research: Experiences from the NHLBI TOPMed program. Cell Genomics 2(8):100155.
G47 Khera, A. V., M. Chaffin, K. G. Aragam,et al, 2018,Genome-wide polygenic scores for common diseases identify individuals with risk equivalent to monogenic mutations. Nature Genetics 50(9):1219-1224.
G48 Kistka, Z. A.-F., L. Palomar, K. A. Lee,et al, 2007, Racial disparity in the frequency of recurrence of preterm birth. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 196(2):131.e1-131.e6.
G49 Kittles, R. A., E. R. Santos, N. S. Oji-Njideka, and C. Bonilla. 2007. Race, skin color and genetic ancestry: Implications for biomedical research on health disparities. Californian Journal of Health Promotion 5(Special Issue):9-23.
G50 Lee, S. S.-J., S. M. Fullerton, A. Saperstein, and J. K. Shim. 2019. Ethics of inclusion: Cultivate trust in precision medicine. Science 364(6444):941-942.
G51 Leo S Klejn, The Steppe Hypothesis of Indo-European Origins remains to be proven,2018,
G52 Lesko, C. R., L. P. Jacobson, K. N. Althoff, et al, 2018. Collaborative, pooled and harmonized study designs for epidemiologic research: Challenges and opportunities. International Journal of Epidemiology 47(2):654-668.
G53 Lewis, A. C. F., S. J. Molina, P. S. Appelbaum, et al, 2022. Getting genetic ancestry right for science and society. Science 376(6590):250-252.
G54 Li, J., and Q. Zhang. 2017. Insight into the molecular genetics of myopia. Molecular Vision 23:1048.
G55 Lucotte G. (2015) The Major Y-Chromosome Haplotype XI – Haplogroup R1a in Eurasia. Hereditary Genet 4:150. doi: 10.4172/2161-1041.1000150
G56 Mallick, S., H. Li, M. Lipson, I. Mathieson,et al, 2016. The Simons Genome Diversity Project: 300 genomes from 142 diverse populations. Nature 538(7624):201-206.
G57 Mait, Metsupala,Toomas Kivisild, Ene Metspalu, et al, Most of the extant mtDNA boundaries in south and southwest Asia were likely shaped during the initial settlement of Eurasia by anatomically modern humans,BMC Genet, 2004 Aug 31:5:26. doi: 10.1186/1471-2156-5-26.
G58 Marta Mele , Molecular Biology and Evolution, Volume 29, Issue 1, January 2012, Pages 25–30,
G59 Martin, A. R., M. Kanai, Y. Kamatan et al, 2019. Clinical use of current polygenic risk scores may exacerbate health disparities: A systematic literature review. Pharmacogenomics 18(16):1541-1550. Nature Genetics 51(4):584-591.
G60 Martinez, R. A. M., N. Andrabi, A. N. Goodwin,1995–2018: A systematic review. American Journal of Epidemiology 192(3):483-496.
G61 Mathieson, I., and A. Scally. 2020. What is ancestry? PLoS Genetics 16(3):e1008624.
G62 Mills, M. C., and C. Rahal. 2020. The GWAS diversity monitor tracks diversity by disease in real time. Nature Genetics 52(3):242-243.
G63 Mostafavi, H., A. Harpak, I. Agarwal, et al, 2020. Variable prediction accuracy of polygenic scores within an ancestry group. eLife 9:e48376.
G64 NASEM (National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine). 2019. Reproducibility and replicability in science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
G65 National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Using Population Descriptors in Genetics and Genomics Research: A New Framework for an Evolving Field. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
G66 Nazareth, S. B., G. A. Lazarin, and J. D. Goldberg. 2015. Changing trends in carrier screening for genetic disease in the United States. Prenatal Diagnosis 35(10):931-935.
G67 Nielsen, R., J. M. Akey, M. Jakobsson, J. K. Pritchard,et al, 2017. Tracing the peopling of the world through genomics. Nature 541:302-310.
G68 O’Neal, W. K., and M. R. Knowles. 2018. Cystic fibrosis disease modifiers: Complex genetics defines the phenotypic diversity in a monogenic disease. Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics 19:201-222.
G69 Okbay, A., Y. Wu, N. Wang, H. Jayashankar et al, 2022. Polygenic prediction of educational attainment within and between families from genome-wide association analyses in 3 million individuals. Nature Genetics 54(4):437-449.
G70 Oni-Orisan, A., Y. Mavura, Y. Banda, T. A. Thornton, and R. Sebro. 2021. Embracing genetic diversity to improve black health. New England Journal of Medicine 384(12):1163-1167.
G71 Parra, E. J., R. A. Kittles, and M. D. Shriver. 2004. Implications of correlations between skin color and genetic ancestry for biomedical research. Nature Genetics 36(S11):S54-S60.
G72 Patterson, N., P. Moorjani, Y. Luo, S. Mallick, et al, Ancient admixture in human history. Genetics 192(3):1065-1093.
G73 Pavličev, M., and G. P. Wagner. 2022. The value of broad taxonomic comparisons in evolutionary medicine: Disease is not a trait but a state of a trait! MedComm 3(4):e174.
G74 Pritchard, J. K., M. Stephens, and P. Donnelly. 2000. Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data. Genetics 155(2):945-959.
G75 Privé, F., H. Aschard, S. Carmi, L. Folkersen, 2022. Portability of 245 polygenic scores when derived from the UK Biobank and applied to 9 ancestry groups from the same cohort. American Journal of Human Genetics 109(1):12-23.
G76 Randolph, H. E., J. K. Fiege, B. K. Thielen, et al, 2021. Genetic ancestry effects on the response to viral infection are pervasive but cell type specific. Science 374(6571):1127-1133.
G77 Rohde, D. L. T., S. Olson, and J. T. Chang. 2004. Modelling the recent common ancestry of all living humans. Nature 431(7008):562-566.
G78 Roman, Y. 2022. The United States 2020 census data: Implications for precision medicine and the research landscape. Personalized Medicine 19(1).
G79 Sadarangani, M., A. Marchant, and T. R. Kollmann. 2021. Immunological mechanisms of vaccine-induced protection against COVID-19 in humans. Nature Reviews Immunology 21(8):475-484.
G80 Schaefer, N. K., B. Shapiro, and R. E. Green. 2021. An ancestral recombination graph of human, Neanderthal, and Denisovan genomes. Science Advances 7(29):eabc0776.
G81 Scheinfeldt, L. B., S. Soi, C. Lambert, et al, 2019. Genomic evidence for shared common ancestry of east African hunting-gathering populations and insights into local adaptation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116(10):4166-4175.
G82 Scutari, M., I. Mackay, and D. Balding. 2016. Using genetic distance to infer the accuracy of genomic prediction. PLoS Genetics 12(9):e1006288.
G83 Selection and Use of Population Descriptors in Genomics Research,National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023.
G84 Semenenko, A.A, The spread of Zebu cattle from South Asia to the East Mediterranean region as a marker of Indo-European population dispersal, 2019, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2582125
G85 Sharma S. et al. The Indian origin of paternal haplogroup R1a1* substantiates the autochthonous origin of Brahmins and the caste system. Journal of Human Genetics (2009) 54, 47–55; doi:10.1038/jhg.2008.2
G86 Shriner, D. 2013. Overview of admixture mapping. Current Protocols in Human Genetics Chapter 1: Unit 1.23.
G87 Simons, C., N. I. Wolf, N. McNeil, L. Caldovic, et al, . 2013. A de novo mutation in the beta-tubulin gene TUBB4A results in the leukoencephalopathy hypomyelination with atrophy of the basal ganglia and cerebellum. American Journal of Human Genetics 92(5):767-773.
G88 Sirugo, G., S. M. Williams, and S. A. Tishkoff. 2019. The missing diversity in human genetic studies. Cell 177(1):26-31.
G89 Spratt, D. E., T. Chan, L. Waldron, C. Speers, 2016. Racial/ethnic disparities in genomic sequencing. JAMA Oncology 2(8):1070.
G90 Takezawa, Y., K. Kato, H. Oota, T. Caulfield, et al, 2014. Human genetics research, race, ethnicity and the labeling of populations: Recommendations based on an interdisciplinary workshop in Japan. BMC Medical Ethics 15(1)
G91 Tamang R., Thangaraj K. Genomic view on the peopling of India. Investig. Genet., 3, 20. (2012)
G92 Teteh, D. K., L. Dawkins-Moultin, S. Hooker, W. Hernandez, et al, 2020. Genetic ancestry, skin color and social attainment: The four cities study. PLoS ONE 15(8):e0237041.
G93 Thornton, T. A., and J. L. Bermejo. 2014. Local and global ancestry inference and applications to genetic association analysis for admixed populations. Genetic Epidemiology 38(S1):S5-S12.
G94 Torkamani, A., N. E. Wineinger, and E. J. Topol. 2018. The personal and clinical utility of polygenic risk scores. Nature Reviews Genetics 19(9):581-590.
G95 Torres, J. B., and R. A. Kittles. 2007. The relationship between “race” and genetics and biomedical research. Current Hypertension Reports 9(3):196-201.
G96 Turner, T. N., B. P. Coe, D. E. Dickel, et al, 2017. Genomic patterns of de novo mutation in simplex autism. Cell 171(3):710-722.e712.
G97 Using Population Descriptors in Genetics and Genomics Research: A New Framework for an Evolving Field. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
G98 Van Alten, S., B. W. Domingue, T. Galama, and A. T. Marees. 2022. Reweighting the UK Biobank to reflect its underlying sampling population substantially reduces pervasive selection bias due to volunteering. medRxiv (preprint).
G99 Genetic Evidence of Early Human Migrations in the Indian Ocean Region Disproves Aryan Migration/Invasion Theories, Dr. Lavanya Vemsani.
G100 Visscher, P. M., N. R. Wray, Q. Zhang,2017. 10 years of GWAS discovery: Biology, function, and translation. American Journal of Human Genetics 101(1):5-22
G101 Wallace, S. E., E. Kirby, and B. M. Knoppers. 2020. How can we not waste legacy genomic research data? Frontiers in Genetics 11:446.
G102 Wang, Y., J. Guo, G. Ni, J. Yang, P. M. Visscher, and L. Yengo. 2020. Theoretical and empirical quantification of the accuracy of polygenic scores in ancestry divergent populations. Nature Communications 11(1).
G103 Wang, Y., K. Tsuo, M. Kanai, B. M. Neale, and A. R. Martin. 2022. Challenges and opportunities for developing more generalizable polygenic risk scores. Annual Review of Biomedical Data Science 5:293-320.
G104 Wexler, N. S. 2004. Venezuelan kindreds reveal that genetic and environmental factors modulate Huntington’s disease age of onset. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 101(10):3498-3503.
G105 National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Using Population Descriptors in Genetics and Genomics Research: A New Framework for an Evolving Field. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

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